Page Number In Haviland

Anthropological Term

Anthropological Definition

326

band

a small group of related households occupying a particular region, that gather periodically on an ad hoc basis but which do not yield their sovereignty to the larger collective

328

tribe

a group of nominally independent communities occupying a specific region and sharing a common language and culture integrated by some unifying factor

331

segmentary lineage system

a form of political organization in which a larger group is broken up into clans that are further divided into lineages

333

chiefdom

a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people

335

state

in anthropology, a centralized political system with the power to coerce

335

nation

communities of people who see themselves as "one people" on the basis of common ancestry, history, society, institutions, ideology, language, territory, and (often) religion

339

cultural control

control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals

339

social control

control over groups through open coercion

340

sanctions

externalized social controls designed to encourage conformity to social norms

341

law

formal negative sanctions

347

negotiations

the use of direct argument and compromise by the parties to a dispute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement

347

mediation

settlement of a dispute through negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party

347

adjudication

mediation with an unbiased third party making the ultimate decision

352

worldviews

the conceptions, explicit and implicit, an individual or society has of the limits and workings of its world