BIOPHYSICS OF IMAGING

List of Lectures

1. The Neuroscience and the Brain. The problem of localization of functions in the brain as one of the most important questions of neuroscience. Functional anatomy of the brain. Structure and physiology of the neurons and glial cells.

2. Physiological correlations of the brain activity. Performing of localization by electrophysiological methods: electrodes, electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials, microelectrodes. Spatial and temporal resolution.

3. Non-electrophysiological methods of the visualization. Two- and three dimensional visualization (optical imaging of the brain surface).

4. Intrinsic Optical Imaging (IOS). Physical base: light absorption and light reflection, optic features of the brain tissue. Optical correlations of the oxygenation and deoxygenation. Signal strength, biological and non ж biological optic noise.

5. Organization of the experimental paradigm for IOS. Chronicle and acute experiments. Available areas of the brain: visual and auditory cortex, olfactory bulbs, somatosensory cortex, cerebellum. Presentations of the sensory stimuli, the trial, averaging of trials.

6. Main achievements of the IOS brain functional mapping, data analysis, automation of the experiments and data analysis.

7. Fast IOS. Light scattering, ion movement from the intracellular space to the extracellular space in the brain tissue.

8. Near infrared Recording Signal (NIRS) and human transcranial optical imaging. Light banana, application of the transcranial optical imaging at the clinical investigations.

9. Optic tomography and its combination with other methods.

10. Extrinsic Optical Imaging. Biological fluorescence probes: voltage sensitive, calcium sensitive, pH ж sensitive, chloride sensitive, potassium-sensitive. Wavelength of the optical excitation and emission.

11. Using of the voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) for In Vivo and In Vitro experiments: experimental paradigm, experimental setup. Using of the optic filters. Main biological application and achievements of the VSD ж imaging.

12. Combination of the VSD and IOS methods, new dyes, potassium-, chloride-, and pH sensitive dyes in vivo and in vitro. Calcium sensitive dye. Uploading in vitro and in vivo, biological application and achievements.

13. Laser confocal scanning microscopy and multiphoton microscope. Its using in combination with fluorescence probes in Vivo and In Vitro

14. In vivo application of the multiphoton microscope, the optic signal from neurons and astrocytus, main achievements of this method.

15. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).Physical basis of the fMRI. Main equipment. X-Ray investigation as a two-dimensional morphological investigation. Transition from usual XR to computer tomography (three- dimension investigation). Post mortum visualization (C-14 isotopic glucose)

16. fMRI. Biological application. Organization of the investigations in clinical and fundamental neuroscience research

17. Positron ж Emission Tomography. Physical basis, main equipment, medical and biological application.

18. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Physical base and medical application

Lab 1: Attendance at the EON Laboratory, NIL, host: Linda J. Larson-Prior, Ph.D, Washington University Medical School

Lab 2: Attendance at the Optical Imaging Laboratory, Washington University Medical School, host: Dr. Lihong Wang

Lab 3: Attendance at the Center for Neurodynamics, UMSL for in vivo optical imaging lab - experiment. You are more than  welkome any time!

Reserve lecture 1. Current situation at the brain imaging  and  / or any additional questions

Students presentation - 1 (brief presentation of ANY brain imaging method and results)

Literature and webpages