Main achievements of the IOS brain functional mapping, data analysis, automation of the experiments and data analysis

setup

                          Experimental Setup


Intrinsic Imaging of the Visual Cortex
(B), (C) Activity maps evoked by visual stimulation with horizontal and vertical gratings. Black patches denote the cortical functional domains which were activated by each stimulus.
(E) Ocular dominance map (OD) as it is obtained if one
eye is stimulated and the recorded cortical image is subtracted from a cortical image obtained when the other eye was stimulated.
The ocular dominance pattern shows a clear demarcation between V1 and V2 where no OD pattern can be observed. A general
feature of the ocular dominance pattern is that the OD bands usually terminate perpendicular to the V1/V2 border.
(Grinvald and Bonhoeffer, unpublished results, see Ts’o et al., 1990)
3D- model
A 3-D schematic map showing the relationships between ocular dominance and orientation preference maps.
 -Black lines mark the borders between columns of neurons that receive signals from different eyes. (This segregation is partially responsible for depth perception.)
-  White ovals represent groups of neurons responsible for color perception
(blobs).
-The ‘pinwheels’ are formed by neurons involved in the perception of shape, with each color marking a column of neurons responding selectively to a particular orientation in space.
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-The iso-orientation lines (a border between two colors)
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-The top “slice” above the “ice cube” model depicts two adjacent fundamental
modules (400 micron × 800 micron).
- Each module contains a complete set of about 60,000 neurons, processing all three features of orientation, depth and color.

Ocular Dominance Columns
Stability of ocular dominance maps in the behaving monkey cortex, protected by an artificial dura. (To protect the exposed cortex an artificial dura was implanted over macaque monkey primary visual cortex. 9 ocular dominance maps are shown
which were obtained over a period of more than 9 months)
Sound Source Localization
The cortical mapping of the spatial distribution of sound source  is shown by different color (right - red, left - blue, yellow - center)
Tonotopical Orzanization of the Gerbil Auditory Cortex
Tonotopical Orzanization of the Gerbil Auditory Cortex
Rat Barrel Filed
Optical Imaging of the Rat Barrel Filed (Whiskers Stimulation)

Human Cortex
Intrinsic Optical Response in the Human Cortex Induced by Median  Nerve Stimulation