Study
Question Sets for Exam 1
Study Question Set 7 -- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
- Distinguish between a "P-type
H+-ATPase" and a "V-type H +-ATPase".
- What is "oxidative phosphorylation"?
"Photosynthetic phosphorylation"?
- How is the enzyme responsible
for ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation or photosynthetic phosphorylation
"energized"?
- In bacteria, the ATP synthase responsible for ATP formation during oxidative phosphorylation can create a transmembrane proton gradient at the expense
of ATP hydrolysis under anaerobic conditions. Explain this observation and its relation to the mechanism driving ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.
- What would happen to the ability of mitochondria to synthesize ATP using the ATP synthases of the inner membrane if we createe a small hole in
the inner membrane?
- What is a thylakoid?
- What component of a chloroplast
is homologous to the mitochondrial matrix?
- Without getting caught up in details of biochemistry, describe the morphological and functional similarities between chloroplasts and mitochondria, focusing
on: 1) the compartmentation of soluble and membrane-bound functions in the
organelles, and 2) the specific structural features that are essential to
the processes of ATP formation in these organelles.
- The respiratory chain of mitochondria contains some electron transferring
components that are homologous to components in the electron transport chain in thylakoid membranes of
chloroplasts. How is this possible?
- In general, what are the "dark reactions" of photosynthesis? The light reactions? How are they connected?
- What is cyclic photophosphorylation?
- In general, how do grana increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in higher
plants?
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