Wordlists for Exam 3
Lectures 25, 26, & 27- Cell Signaling - 2
Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors, forms cGMP
Receptors involving kinase activity
Histidine Kinase Associated Receptors
Receptor ser/thr kinases:
Animals - Transforming Growth Factor beta family
Plants - Different types signaling pathways
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) ---> phosphotyrosines in proteins
Tyrosine Kinase Associated Receptors
w/ cytosolic tyrosine kinases = "non-REceptor TKs (nRTKs)"
Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatases

Mitogens (Proliferation factors)/ Mitogenic
Mitogen Signaling Pathways

Epidermal Growth Factor R eceptor (EGF-R) -- First RTK discovered - 1982
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGF-R)
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor(NGF-R)
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGF-R)

Ephrin Receptors (Eph-R)

"autophosphorylation"

Phosphotyrosine binding domains:

PTB domain (phosphotyrosine binding domain!)
SH2 domain
GAP = GTPase Activating Protein
PI3 K - Phoshpatidyl Inositol 3 Phosphate Kinase
PI(3,4,5) trisphosphate - a PH domain (Pleckstrin H omology domain)
Phospholipase C-gamma src - first tyrosine kinase discovered (non-receptor)

tyrosine kinase activity identified 1980

src stands for "sarcoma"

a sarcoma is a connective tissue cancer
Rous sarcoma virus

oncogenes: often mutants of mitogen signaling pathways
SH3 (proline recognition)
"adaptor protein" has: SH2 domain(s) + SH3 domain(s)

grb2 = adaptor protein in the ras signaling pathway

sevenless
Sos (son of sevenless)
GEF = Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor

Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases

Ras family

discovered as an oncogene in 1979
abnormally activated ras proteins found in 30% of advanced human cancers
Rab family - vesicle traffic
Rho family- cytoskeleton

p90^rsk - protein kinase activated by MAP kinase
rsk = "ras signaling kinase"
pp90^rsk = phosphorylated form of p90^rsk

SRE = Serum response element
SRF = Serum Response Factor

phosphorylated by pp90^rsk
binds to SRE
TCF = "Ternary Complex Factor"

phosphorylated in nucleus by MAP kinase
also binds SRE


MAP kinase (MAPK) = Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase

[e.g., Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase, ERK]

MAP Kinase Signaling Cascade
MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK)
(e.g., MEKK, since MEK is a MAP kinase kinase)
MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) (e.g., MEK = M AP and ERK Kinase )
MAPK (e.g., ERK 1 or ERK 2)
Raf is the MAPKKK activated in the ras pathway
(= a MEKK, since MEK is a MAPKK)

apoptosis
p 53
"tumor supressor"

Scaffold Proteins organize MAP kinase cascades into specific pathways

cytokines - local cell signaling molecules
Jak-STAT cytokine signaling pathway
Jak = Janus Kinase
STAT = Signal Transducer and Activator of T ranscription
alpha interferon

TGF-beta
Smad
Smad 4

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