Decision Support Systems (by Vicki Sauter): User-Interface Components

Chapter 2: Decision Making DSS Links

Decision Support Systems
by Vicki L. Sauter

Chapter Outline
DSS In Action
DSS Software
Automobile Links
General DSS Sources
Index of All Links
Current News
Sauter's Home Page
Suggestions

Decision Making in Action

Crime-Fighting by Computer Widens Scope
Questions for Helping you Make a Decision
IBM's Business Intelligence Page
Moving into Real Time
Persuasive Technologies
Financial Executives Use their ABC's
Strategic Knowledge Management

Business Intelligence

Feasibility

Political Feasibility: ANOTHER STATE COMPUTER PROJECT FAILS

California has recently declared another costly computer project a failure, indicating a need for new techniques in developing technology projects. For at least the fifth time this decade, California's state government has spent millions of dollars on a failed computer project. This project, the Statewide Automated Welfare System-Technical Architecture, would have linked four welfare networks to allow welfare offices in different counties to communicate with each other. California's string of failures can be attributed mainly to a difficulty in adapting to change. Legislators are often removed from technology, and therefore may not realize the importance of these projects. Political power may also complicate the projects, as local elected officials may protest sacrificing their individual systems to a central design. To prevent further failures, the state plans to incorporate business solutions such as dividing projects into smaller tasks, choosing experienced managers, hiring independent consultants to oversee each phase, and involving in every design the potential users of the project. (Los Angeles Times 07/12/99)

Decision Making and Problem Solving
About Herb Simon
More about Herb Simon
James March wrote in 1978, "Prescriptive theories of choice are dedicated to perfecting the intelligence of human action by imagining that action stems from reason and by improving the technology of decision. Descriptive theories of choice are dedicated to perfecting the understanding of human action by imagining that action makes sense. Not all behavior makes sense; some of it is unreasonable. Not all decision technology is intelligent; some of it is foolish." (p. 604) -- from March, J. G. "Bounded Rationality, Ambiguity, and the Engineering of Choice", Bell Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, 1978, pp. 587-608. "New business procedures would then be analogous to new mutations in nature. Of a number of procedures, none of which can be shown either at the time or subsequently to be truly rational, some may supplant others because they do in fact lead to better results. Thus while they may have originated by accident, it would not be by accident that they are still used. For this reason, if an economist finds a procedure widely established in fact, he ought to regard it with more respect than he would be inclined to give in the light of his own analytic method." (Roy F. Harrod, 1939, Oxford EP) .... from The Maximization Debates.

Decision Making

Brain study maps mechanics of decision-making
From Can DSS Impact Decision Outcomes?

Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon (1965) argued we need to understand the thought process that computerized decision aids will support if we are to create effective support systems. Our understanding of decision and thought processes remains incomplete and we need to be especially cautious in assessing when and how a DSS will be used prior to its design and implementation. Effective decision oriented analysis and design helps insure that a DSS positively impacts decision outcomes.

Intuition, Brainstorming, and Decision Making

Brainstorming Software
Computer Creativity Machine Simulates the Human Brain
Experts in your midst
Forecasting in Conflicts: How to Predict What Your Opponent Will Do
How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity
In Battle, Hunches Prove to Be Valuable
Inspiration for Brainstorming
Is the Evidence on Forecasting Conflicts Based on Proper Science?
Jumping to Conclusions
Mind App 6 for Brainstorming
Predicting the Future without a Crystal Ball
Software Helps Develop Hunches
SpinScape for Brainstorming
To-Do List: Shop, Pay Bills, Organize Brain
Tool for Thought
The Brain for brainstorming

"Moody Computers, " Interactive Week (02/26/01) Vol. 8, No. 8, P. 47;
Steinert-Threlkeld, Tom (as seen in Tech News, Volume 3, Issue 172: Monday, March 5, 2001):

Martin Minsky, co-founder of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and author of "Society of Mind" and its forthcoming sequel, "The Emotion Machine," argues that emotions are merely another way in which human beings think, rather than a process independent of or antithetical to thinking. His central idea, he says, "is that each of the major emotions is quite different. They have different management organizations for how you are thinking you will proceed." Minsky contends that common-sense reasoning is what allows us to handle and manipulate these different emotions, to choose which emotion is best for handling which situation, even though we are not aware when each type of thinking is occurring. This is also, he says, what separates machine thinking from human thinking. Machines are not able to see the same piece of knowledge represented in multiple ways. Minsky says, "You have to build a system that looks at two representations, two expressions or two data structures, and quickly says in what ways are they similar and what ways are they different. Then another knowledge base says which kinds of differences are important for which kind of preference." He contends that such ways of thinking could, for example, benefit search engines, allowing software to consider how to organize and execute a search based on what human users might want rather than relying on keywords and algorithms. The ability to approach a problem from many different ways and then solve it is how Minsky defines intelligence and is what he means by an intelligent, emotional machine. He dismisses the fear that "emotional" machines could somehow become irrational, as an emotional human being can become irrational and commit an act that may endanger or harm others, because that again reflects the human bias that emotions and thinking are two entirely different things. http://www.zdnet.com/intweek/stories/news/0,4164,2690670,00.html

Knowledge Management

Humans vs. Computers, Again. But There's Help for Our Side
Software to Look for Experts Among Your Friends
Eye of the Needle
Lawrence Lessig’s Messianic Manifesto: A Doomsday Look at Cyberspace
APQC Knowledge Management
Global Community for Knowledge
Global Development Research Center KM Portal
Harvard Business School Working Knowledge Report
KMNetwork and the WWW Virtual Library on Knowledge
Knowledge Management Knowledge Base
Knowledge Management Networks
Knowledge Management Organizations and Gateways

Group Decision Making

Computer-Based Delphi Processes
Distributed Team Decision Making
How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity