Soc. 2180: Study Guide
- Test 3
Chapter 8 - Legal Drugs: Alcohol,
tobacco, and psychotherapeutic drugs & Lecture notes "Alcohol", "Psychotherapeutic
Drugs", and "Stimulants (nicotine)"
1. Be aware of the effects of alcohol
consumption (impact on central nervous system, BAC/BAL content, acute/chronic
and objective/subjective effects). What is the rule of equivalency?
2. What are the current trends in alcohol consumption and what factors help
explain any significant changes?
3. Review the information presented in class on the production of different
types of alcoholic beverages.
4. Be familiar with the body's processing of alcohol.
5. Be familiar with the concept of drunken comportment, and its significance
for explaining behavior under the influence both here in the U.S. and cross
culturally.
6. Be familiar with models of alcoholism and alcohol's relation to accidents
and crime.
7. Know about the history of nicotine use/tobacco.
8. What are the social and individual consequences of tobacco use? What has
been the role of the tobacco industry in responding to the idea of smoking as
a social problem?
9. Be familiar with smoking trends and nicotine users. For example, what has
happened to the smoking rates, and why do experts think this is happening?
10. Be familiar with the basic designations of the drugs: General depressants,
tranquilizers (major/minor), Anti-psychotics, Anti-depressants (bi-polar vs.
uni-polar depression); and the major types of drugs in these categories [Barbiturates
(short and long acting-Seconal vs. Luminal {phenobarbital}), Methaqualone, benzodiazepines
(Valium, Librium, Halcion, Xanax), Prozac, etc.].
11. Be familiar with the brief history of these drugs , as well as, the drugs
they replaced--chloral hydrate, the bromides, paraldehyde, meprobamate (Miltown).
How do these drugs affect the user? What are the withdrawal problems? Abuse
potential? Medical applications? Their impact on the treatment of mental disorder?
12. Be aware of trends in psychotherapeutic drug use (both recreational and
instrumental use), and factors contributing to these trends. For example, why
is there little or no recreational use of antipsychotics or antidepressants?
13. Be aware of the deviantizing process related to these drugs in lecture notes.
What is the role of pharmaceutical companies, profit motive, and the medical
profession?
14. Know about PCP, including history, trends (including medical and recreational
use), and its relation to violence.
15. Be aware of emergent problems with Prozac and Halcion.
Chapter 9 - Marijuana, LSD, and Club
Drugs & Lecture notes "Marijuana" and "Hallucinogens"
1. Know the acute and chronic effects of marijuana.
2. Know marijuana use trends and factors contributing to use. For instance,
what factors might account for the widespread use of marijuana? Also know who
uses marijuana.
3. Be familiar with the gateway hypothesis and the three schools of thought
relating to the gateway hypothesis.
4. Be familiar with the history of marijuana.
5. Review the material on the different varieties of marijuana, the different
kinds of preparations, and the active ingredients (don't memorize the different
kinds of cannibinoids, but do understand that there are a number of them.
6. How is marijuana processed by the body, i.e. what is significant about it
(THC) being a fat soluble drug?
7. Review the role of Harry Anslinger and the "pyramid of prejudice" he constructed
that led to the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act.
8. Be familiar with debates regarding medical use of marijuana. What is Marinol
(Dronabinol)? What are its uses? Why has the FDA resisted legalizing marijuana
for medicinal purposes?
9. What is the amotivational syndrome?
10. Know about the different types of hallucinogens. What is the difference
between indole, catechol, and Anticholinergic hallucinogens?
11. Be familiar with trends in use of LSD and other hallucinogens. What makes
use of hallucinogens distinct from use of other drugs?
12. What are the subjective and objective effects of hallucinogens?
13. Be familiar with the debate and construction of LSD and chromosome damage.
14. What is the history of LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA?
15. What has been the role of the media in constructing the social reality of
hallucinogen use as a social problem? (LSD, Toad Licking, and PCP).
16. What is the connection between LSD and ergotism, between belladonna and
witchcraft?
17. What are the problems that John Neill analyzes that reveal the complexities
of researching and using LSD within a therapeutic setting.
18. What are the 'club drugs' according to Goode? What are some of the effects
of these drugs?
Chapter 10 - Stimulants: Amphetamine
methamphetamine, cocaine, and crack & Lecture notes "Stimulants" and "Research:
Patterns and trends 2005"
1. What are stimulants? How are they used (instrumental and recreational)?
2. What are Xanthines? What is the history of coffee, tea, and chocolate use?
3. How are stimulants administered? What are the use trends for different
stimulants?
4. Distinguish amphetamines from cocaine--what are the differences in use
patterns? Why are amphetamines no longer a significant problem? What is "ice?"
Is it a threat to our society?
5. How does the use of cocaine differ from the native Indians of Peru to the
streets of St. Louis?
6. Review the history of cocaine in western societies-Freud, Vin Mariani,
Coca-Cola.
7. What is the significance of cocaine's "immediate sensuous appeal?"
8. What does the research reveal concerning patterns of cocaine use, becoming
dependent vs. addicted, the possibility of controlled use (See also the article
by Siegel in the reader), and gender differences in cocaine use (how does
"survival sex" fit in here?).
9. Be familiar with the claim regarding the CIA's involvement with crack and
the truth of the matter.
10. What is the difference between powder cocaine, crack cocaine and freebase
cocaine?
11. What are some of the reasons that cocaine became illegal?
Chapter 11 - Heroin and the Narcotics
& Lecture notes "Narcotics"
1. What are narcotics, pharmacologically and legally? What are some types
of narcotics?
2. Know trends of narcotic use and abuse, historically and currently. What
are some problems with narcotic abuse? What is the connection between heroin
and AIDS?
3. What is the life of an addict like on the streets of our cities? How does
one "become" and addict? What is the meaning of the drug to the addict? What
does Goode mean by the myths and reality of heroin addiction? What subcultural
factors influence heroin addicts when they try to stop?
4. How are narcotics used? What are the routes of administration?
5. What are the effects of narcotics?
6. Review the history of narcotics, the impact of the hypodermic syringe,
the significance of the criminalization of addiction, etc.
7. What is the reality of controlled opiate use? What characteristics do controlled
users have as opposed to compulsive users? How are physicians able to use
opiates and not become addicted?
Inciardi and McElrath assigned
readings
1. What does Mark Nichter, in
the article, "What Does Culture have to Do With It?" assume are important
factors to understanding tobacco use? What are some other factors touched
upon?
2. Understand the legality issues proposed by Lester Grinspoon in the article,
"Medical Marihuana In a Time of Prohibition". What are indicates benefits
of medical marijuana? Why isn't medical marijuana legal?
3. How does media portray the use of crack among African Americans, according
to Inciardi and Surratt's article, "African Americans, Crack, and Crime"?
How is crack use and crime related?
4. How does Philip Jenkins, in the article, "The Ice Age", demonstrate how
the media and government respond to methamphetamine use? What is methamphetamine's
history and trends of use?
5. Who uses LSD, and what are the trends of LSD use throughout history, according
to Dana Hunt in the "Rise of Hallucinogen Use"?
6. What do Saum, Mott, and Dietz conclude regarding the history, useage, and
legal status and issues regarding 'date rape' drugs in the article, "Rohynol,
GHB, and Ketamine"?
7. In the article, "Circuit Party Attendance, Club Drug Use, and unsafe Sex
in Gay Men", what they infer about the use of drugs at circuit parties? Why
are drugs used at circuit parties?
8. Lankenau and Clatts, assert that Ketamine users are a diverse group, how
is Ketamine use different from other drug use?
9. What are some factors Bellis, Hughes, and Lowey assert that characterize
an 'unhealthy setting' for drug use?
10.In Surratt and Inciardi's article, "Cocaine-Exposed Infants and the Criminalization
of Pregnancy", what are some of the issues surrounding the legal issues of
crack use during pregnancy?
11.What do Inciardi and Goode conclude regarding OxyCotin and its use?
In general:
1. Be familiar with the various drugs
we have discussed and read about in class. Of concern here would be a knowledge
of their history-in particular, their history here in America; economic and
political factors that influenced their use, social approval and disapproval;
their effects-acute subjective and objective, and chronic, and the factors-biological
and social that impact these effects; their medicinal use-potential and actual;
and the different varieties of particular drugs-marijuana vs hash, cocaine vs
crack, etc.
2. Focus on patterns and modes (routes of administration) of use-frequency,
social characteristics of users, the subculture that surround their use: i.e.
for marijuana-the structural, attitudinal and interactional factors which Goode
describes, MDMA and professional use, heroin and the street subculture, LSD
ties to the counter-culture of the 1960's and 1970's vs it being "just another
drug in the stew" today, and the racial, ethnic, SES, gender, religious characteristics
of alcohol users (and other drug users too), etc.
3. Focus on the significant legal regulations--Harrison Narcotic Act, Marijuana
Tax Act, the Volstead Act (18th Amendment-Prohibition). What did they entail,
what sociological factors (and conflicts) lay behind their passage, what impact
did they have on drug use?
4. Be knowledgeable about each drugs pharmacological properties--don't be too
concerned with the specifics of neural chemistry, but understand the relevance
of tolerance, addiction, dependency habituation, etc. as they apply to the various
drugs.
5. Don't be overly concerned with specific dates and percentages, think in terms
of patterns, trends.
URL: http://www.umsl.edu/~keelr/180/studgd3.html
Owner: Robert O. Keel rok@umsl.edu
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Last Updated: October 5, 2005 12:51 PM