ENGLAND IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY

1413 Death of Henry IV; Henry V accedes to the throne

1415 Battle of Agincourt

1420 Treaty of Troyes makes Henry V heir to French throne

1422 Death of Henry V; accession of Henry VI at 9 mos. Minority begins.

1431 Joan of Arc executed

1435 Death of Duke of Bedford (uncle of king)

1437 End of Henry’s minority

1445 Henry marries Margaret of Anjou

1447 Death of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (uncle of king) and his antagonist Cardinal Beaufort (great-uncle of king)

1453-54 Henry VI mad; Richard Duke of York Protector (and leader of opposition)

1455 York dismissed; Battle of St. Albans opens civil war (Wars of the Roses)

1460 Battle of Northampton: Henry VI captured

Battle of Wakefield: Duke of York killed by forces of Margaret of Anjou

1461 Battle of Towton: Henry VI deposed; Edward, Duke of York, reigns as Edward IV

1465 Battle of Hexham: Henry VI captured by Earl of Warwick’s forces and imprisoned in Tower

1469-70 Warwick’s rebellion--allied with Margaret of Anjou, Warwick invades from France

Edward flees to Flanders and Henry is restored to the throne

1471 Edward returns: Warwick killed at Battle of Barnet; Margaret defeated (and her son killed) at Battle of Tewksbury.

Henry murdered in the Tower. Death of Thomas Malory.

1476 William Caxton sets up a printing press in Westminster

1478 George, Duke of Clarence--brother of king--attainted and murdered

1483 Death of Edward IV; his son Edward V succeeds him, but through the machinations of Richard, duke of Gloucester,

he is declared illegitimate and Richard takes the throne as Richard III. Edward and his younger brother vanish.

1485 Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, lands in Wales; defeats Richard at Bosworth Field, where Richard is killed.

Henry accedes as Henry VII. Caxton prints Malory’s Morte D’Arthur.