Match 236 DB Rec# - 7,688 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Togo
Text :
Togo
Geography
Location:
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Ghana
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total area:
56,790 sq km
land area:
54,390 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Coastline:
56 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
30 nm
International disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Terrain:
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low
coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Natural resources:
phosphates, limestone, marble
Land use:
arable land:
25%
permanent crops:
1%
meadows and pastures:
4%
forest and woodland:
28%
other:
42%
Irrigated land:
70 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood
for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture
natural hazards:
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter;
periodic droughts
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified -
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94
People
Population:
4,410,370 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
49% (female 1,069,171; male 1,079,999)
15-64 years:
49% (female 1,121,685; male 1,043,000)
65 years and over:
2% (female 51,392; male 45,123) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
3.58% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
46.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
11.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
86.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
57.42 years
male:
55.29 years
female:
59.6 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.83 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective:
Togolese
Ethnic divisions:
37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and
Syrian-Lebanese under 1%
Religions:
indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%
Languages:
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major
African languages in the south), Dagomba and Kabye (the two major African
languages in the north)
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
43%
male:
56%
female:
31%
Labor force:
NA
by occupation:
agriculture 80%
note:
about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Togo
conventional short form:
Togo
local long form:
Republique Togolaise
local short form:
none
former:
French Togo
Digraph:
TO
Type:
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Capital:
Lome
Administrative divisions:
23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame
(Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar
(Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah),
Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse
(Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo,
Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo)
note:
the 23 units may now be called prefectures (singular - prefecture) and
reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses
Independence:
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Constitution:
multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1
July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Legal system:
French-based court system
Suffrage:
NA years of age; universal adult
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held
25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition
parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote
head of government:
Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the prime minister
Legislative branch:
unicameral
National Assembly:
elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD
2, CFN 1
note:
the Supreme Court ordered new elections for 3 seats of the Action Committee
for Renewal (CAR) and the Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), lowering their
total to 34 and 6 seats, respectively; the remaining 3 seats have not been
filled
Government
Judicial branch:
Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders:
Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA;
Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH; The Togolese Union
for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao
AGBOYIBOR; The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The
Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical
parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold
GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The
Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for
Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile); Union of Justice and Democracy
(UJD), Lal TAXPANDJAN
note:
Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only
party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Member of:
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77,
GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE
chancery:
2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4212
FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3190
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnny YOUNG (since September 1994)
embassy:
Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome
mailing address:
B. P. 852, Lome
telephone:
[228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94
FAX:
[228] 21 79 52
Flag:
five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with
yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper
hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Economy
Overview:
The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts
for about half of GDP and provides employment for 80% of the labor force.
Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together
generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in
basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector
phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has
suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign
competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The
government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement
economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues
in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private
and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the
reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity.
Although strikes had ended in 1994, political unrest and lack of funds
prevented the government from taking advantage of the 50% currency
devaluation of January 1994. Resumption of World Bank and IMF flows will
depend on implementation of several controversial moves toward privatization
and on downsizing the military, on which the regime depends to stay in
power.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
NA%
National product per capita:
$800 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.5% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$284 million
expenditures:
$407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)
Exports:
$221 million (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee
partners:
EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)
Imports:
$292 million (c.i.f., 1993)
commodities:
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products
partners:
EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)
External debt:
$1.3 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
30,000 kW
production:
60 million kWh
consumption per capita:
83 kWh (1993)
Economy
Industries:
phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles,
beverages
Agriculture:
accounts for 49% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops -
yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not
significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons
Illicit drugs:
increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51
million
Currency:
1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January
1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26
(1990)
note:
the official rate is pegged to the French franc, and beginning 12 January
1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50
at which it had been fixed since 1948
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
532 km
narrow gauge:
532 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways:
total:
6,462 km
paved:
1,762 km
unpaved:
unimproved earth 4,700 km
Inland waterways:
50 km Mono River
Ports:
Kpeme, Lome
Merchant marine:
none
Airports:
total:
9
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
2
with paved runways under 914 m:
2
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
5
Communications
Telephone system:
NA telephones; fair system based on network of radio relay routes
supplemented by open wire lines
local:
NA
intercity:
microwave radio relay and open wire lines
international:
1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0
radios:
NA
Television:
broadcast stations:
3 (relays 2)
televisions:
NA
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 936,270; males fit for military service 491,578 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of GDP (1993)
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The printed version of this item can be found under the title:
The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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