Access to THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1994 provided courtesy of
the libraries of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
======================================================
National Trade Data Bank
ITEM ID     : CI WOFACT WO0265
DATE        : Oct 28, 1994
 
AGENCY      : CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
PROGRAM     : WORLD FACTBOOK
TITLE       : World Factbook: Zimbabwe
 
Source key      : CI 
Program key     : CI WOFACT 
Update sched.   : Annually         
Data type       : TEXT 
End year        : 1994
Date of record  : 19941020
Keywords 3      :  
Keywords 3      : | Zimbabwe 
 
 
                                 Zimbabwe
 
 
                                 Geography
 
Location:
     Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia
Map references:
     Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
     390,580 sq km
land area:
     386,670 sq km
comparative area:
     slightly larger than Montana
Land boundaries:
     total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225
     km, Zambia 797 km
Coastline:
     0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
     none; landlocked
International disputes:
     quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement
Climate:
     tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
Terrain:
     mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains
     in east
Natural resources:
     coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore,
     vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Land use:
arable land:
     7%
permanent crops:
     NA% (coffee is a permanent crop)
meadows and pastures:
     12%
forest and woodland:
     62%
other:
     NA%
Irrigated land:
     2,200 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
     deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution
natural hazards:
     recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
international agreements:
     party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea; signed,
     but not ratified - Biodiversity
Note:
     landlocked
 
 
                                  People
 
Population:
     10,975,078 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
     1.2% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
     37.24 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
     18.1 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
     -7.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
     7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
tatal population:
     42.06 years
male:
     40.44 years
female:
     43.74 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
     5.1 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
     Zimbabwean(s)
adjective:
     Zimbabwean
Ethnic divisions:
     African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and
     Asian 1%
Religions:
     syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian
     25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
Languages:
     English (official), Shona, Sindebele
Literacy:
     age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.);
total population:
     67%
male:
     74%
female:
     60%
Labor force:
     3.1 million
by occupation:
     agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining, manufacturing,
     construction 10% (1987)
 
                                Government
 
Names:
conventional long form:
     Republic of Zimbabwe
 
 
conventional short form:
former:
     Southern Rhodesia
Digraph:
     ZI
Type:
     parliamentary democracy
Capital:
     Harare
Administrative divisions:
     8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East,
     Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria), Matabeleland North,
     Matabeleland South, Midlands
Independence:
     18 April 1980 (from UK)
National holiday:
     Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Constitution:
     21 December 1979
Legal system:
     mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
Suffrage:
     18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government:
     Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
     Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
     Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last
     held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results -
     Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%
cabinet:
     Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament
Legislative branch:
     unicameral
Parliament:
     elections last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995);
     results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120
     elected) ZANU-PF 117, ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1
Judicial branch:
     Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
     Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert
     MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi
     SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE and Abel
     MUYOREWA; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party, Enock
     DUMBUTSHENA
Member of:
     ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
     ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM
     (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAVEM II,
     UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
     Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI
 
 
chancery:
     1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:
     (202) 332-7100
FAX:
     (202) 483-9326
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
     Ambassador Edward Gibson LANPHER
embassy:
     172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare
mailing address:
     P. O. Box 3340, Harare
telephone:
     [263] (4) 794-521
FAX:
     [263] (4) 796-488
Flag:
     seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red,
     yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black
     based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a
     red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle
 
                                  Economy
 
Overview:
     Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies
     almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture
     and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP.
     Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but supplies
     of minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Wide
     fluctuations in agricultural production over the past six years have
     resulted in an uneven growth rate, one that on average has matched the
     3% annual increase in population. Helped by an IMF/World Bank
     structural adjustment program, output rose 3.5% in 1991. A severe
     drought in 1991/92 caused the economy to contract by about 10% in
     1992.
National product:
     GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $15.9 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
     2% (1993 est.)
National product per capita:
     $1,400 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
     22% (January 1994 est.)
Unemployment rate:
     at least 35% (1993 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
     $1.7 billion
expenditures:
     $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY93)
Exports:
     $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
 
 
commodities:
     agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 10%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%,
     ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992)
partners:
     UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991)
Imports:
     $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
commodities:
     machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%,
     chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991)
partners:
     South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)
External debt:
     $3.5 billion (December 1992 est.)
Industrial production:
     growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
     3,650,000 kW
production:
     8.18 billion kWh (1992)
consumption per capita:
     740 kWh (1992)
Industries:
     mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs,
     fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products
Agriculture:
     accounts for 20% of GDP and employs 74% of population; 40% of land
     area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal
     lands; crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee,
     sugarcane, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs;
     self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
     NA
Currency:
     1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
     Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.1037 (January 1994), 6.4725
     (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990), 2.1133 (1989)
Fiscal year:
     1 July - 30 June
 
                              Communications
 
Railroads:
     2,745 km 1.067-meter gauge (including 42 km double track, 355 km
     electrified)
Highways:
total:
     85,237 km
paved:
     15,800 km
unpaved:
     crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improved earth
     23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km
 
 
Inland waterways:
     Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication
Pipelines:
     petroleum products 212 km
Airports:
total:
     477
usable:
     401
with permanent-surface runways:
     22
with runways over 3,659 m:
     2
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
     3
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
     28
Telecommunications:
     system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor
     maintenance; consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio
     communications stations; 247,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 8
     AM, 18 FM, 8 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
 
                              Defense Forces
 
Branches:
     Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic
     Police (including Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)
Manpower availability:
     males 15-49 2,371,186; fit for military service 1,472,603 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
     exchange rate conversion - $412.4 million, about 6% of GDP (FY91 est.)
 
 
 
===========================================================================
This section of THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1994 produced by the United States
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was derived from the US Dept. of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Division's NATIONAL TRADE DATA BANK (NTDB) CD-ROM,
November, 1994, SuDoc No. C 1.88:994/11/v.1-2 / Presented by Raleigh Muns,
(srcmuns@umslvma.umsl.edu) University of Missouri-St. Louis Libraries.