Access to THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1994 provided courtesy of
the libraries of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
======================================================
National Trade Data Bank
ITEM ID     : CI WOFACT WO0049
DATE        : Oct 28, 1994
 
AGENCY      : CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
PROGRAM     : WORLD FACTBOOK
TITLE       : World Factbook: Chad
 
Source key      : CI 
Program key     : CI WOFACT 
Update sched.   : Annually         
Data type       : TEXT 
End year        : 1994
Date of record  : 19941020
Keywords 3      :  
Keywords 3      : | Chad 
 
 
                                   Chad
 
 
                                 Geography
 
Location:
     Central Africa, between the Central African Republic and Libya
Map references:
     Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
     1.284 million sq km
land area:
     1,259,200 sq km
comparative area:
     slightly more than three times the size of California
Land boundaries:
     total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km,
     Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Coastline:
     0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
     none; landlocked
International disputes:
     the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that
     the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad,
     and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya had
     withdrawn its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but as of June
     1994 still maintained an airfield in the disputed area; demarcation of
     international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to
     border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification
     by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria
Climate:
     tropical in south, desert in north
Terrain:
     broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest,
     lowlands in south
Natural resources:
     petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron,
     kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)
Land use:
arable land:
     2%
permanent crops:
     0%
meadows and pastures:
     36%
forest and woodland:
     11%
other:
     51%
Irrigated land:
     100 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
     desertification
 
 
natural hazards:
     hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts;
     subject to locust plagues
international agreements:
     party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but
     not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine
     Dumping
Note:
     landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
 
                                  People
 
Population:
     5,466,771 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
     2.15% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
     42.12 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
     20.59 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
     0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
     131.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
     40.79 years
male:
     39.7 years
female:
     41.94 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
     5.33 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
     Chadian(s)
adjective:
     Chadian
Ethnic divisions:
north and center:
     Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,
     Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)
south:
     non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)
     nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French
Religions:
     Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs, animism 25%
Languages:
     French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in
     south), more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken
Literacy:
     age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic (1990 est.)
total population:
     30%
 
 
male:
     42%
female:
     18%
Labor force:
     NA
by occupation:
     agriculture 85% (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and
     fishing)
 
                                Government
 
Names:
conventional long form:
     Republic of Chad
conventional short form:
local long form:
     Republique du Tchad
local short form:
     Tchad
Digraph:
     CD
Type:
     republic
Capital:
     N'Djamena
Administrative divisions:
     14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine,
     Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone
     Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai,
     Salamat, Tandjile
Independence:
     11 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday:
     Independence Day 11 August (1960)
Constitution:
     22 December 1989, suspended 3 December 1990; Provisional National
     Charter 1 March 1991; constitutional commission drafting new
     constitution to submit to transitional parliament for ratification in
     April 1994
Legal system:
     based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not
     accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
     universal at age NA
Executive branch:
chief of state:
     President Col. Idriss DEBY, since 4 December 1990 (after seizing power
     on 3 December 1990 - transitional government's mandate expires April
     1995)
head of government:
     Prime Minister Kassire Delwa KOUMAKOYE (since 17 November 1993)
 
 
cabinet:
     Council of State; appointed by the president on recommendation of the
     prime minister
Legislative branch:
     unicameral
National Consultative Council (Conceil National
Consultatif):
     elections last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990 and
     replaced by the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members
     appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991; this, in turn, was
     replaced by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur
     de Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign National
     Conference on 6 April 1993
Judicial branch:
     Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders:
     Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS; former dissident group), Idriss
     DEBY, chairman
note:
     President DEBY, who promised political pluralism, a new constitution,
     and free elections by April 1994, has postponed these initiatives for
     another year; there are numerous dissident groups and 26 opposition
     political parties
Other political or pressure groups:
     NA
Member of:
     ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO,
     ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS,
     NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO,
     WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
     (vacant); Ambassador KOUMBARIA Laoumaye Mekonyo died on 16 May 1994
chancery:
     2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:
     (202) 462-4009
FAX:
     (202) 265-1937
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
     Ambassador Lawrence POPE
embassy:
     Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena
mailing address:
     B. P. 413, N'Djamena
telephone:
     [235] (51) 62-18, 40-09, or 62-11
FAX:
     [235] (51) 33-72
Flag:
     three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red;
     similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra,
     which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield
     centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
 
 
 
                                  Economy
 
Overview:
     Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of
     infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in
     the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, conflict with
     Libya, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown
     little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought
     on by civil war in the late 1980s. Over 80% of the work force is
     involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash
     crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly
     dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic
     shortages in several regions. The government hopes that discovery of
     several oil deposits near Lake Chad will lead to economic revival and
     a windfall in government revenues by 2000.
National product:
     GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $2.7 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
     8.4% (1991 est.)
National product per capita:
     $500 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
     2%-3% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
     NA%
Budget:
revenues:
     $115 million
expenditures:
     $412 million, including capital expenditures of $218 million (1991
     est.)
Exports:
     $193.9 million (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
     cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish
partners:
     France, Nigeria, Cameroon
Imports:
     $294.1 million (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
     machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%,
     petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military
     equipment
partners:
     US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon
External debt:
     $492 million (December 1990 est.)
Industrial production:
     growth rate 12.9% (1989 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
     40,000 kW
production:
     70 million kWh
 
 
consumption per capita:
     15 kWh (1991)
Industries:
     cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium
     carbonate), soap, cigarettes
Agriculture:
     accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton
     most important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts,
     rice, potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels;
     self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall
Economic aid:
recipient:
     US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $198 million; Western
     (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5
     billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $28 million; Communist
     countries (1970-89), $80 million
Currency:
     1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
     Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05
     (January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26
     (1990), 319.01 (1989)
note:
     beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per
     French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948
Fiscal year:
     calendar year
 
                              Communications
 
Highways:
total:
     31,322 km
paved:
     bituminous 32 km
unpaved:
     gravel, crushed stone 7,300 km; earth 23,990 km
Inland waterways:
     2,000 km navigable
Airports:
total:
     68
usable:
     58
with permanent-surface runways:
     5
with runways over 3,659 m:
     1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
     3
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
     27
 
 
Telecommunications:
     fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links;
     broadcast stations - 6 AM, 1 FM, limited TV service; many facilities
     are inoperative; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
 
                              Defense Forces
 
Branches:
     Army (includes Ground Forces, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican
     Guard
Manpower availability:
     males age 15-49 1,276,167; fit for military service 663,326; reach
     military age (20) annually 54,027 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
     exchange rate conversion - $58 million, 5.6% of GDP (1989)
 
 
 
===========================================================================
This section of THE WORLD FACTBOOK 1994 produced by the United States
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was derived from the US Dept. of Commerce
Economics and Statistics Division's NATIONAL TRADE DATA BANK (NTDB) CD-ROM,
November, 1994, SuDoc No. C 1.88:994/11/v.1-2 / Presented by Raleigh Muns,
(srcmuns@umslvma.umsl.edu) University of Missouri-St. Louis Libraries.