Computer Hardware Engineers
(O*NET 17-2061.00)

	Nature of the Work
Computer hardware engineers research, design, develop, and test computer hardware and supervise its 
manufacture and installation.  Hardware refers to computer chips, circuit boards, computer systems, and related 
equipment such as keyboards, modems, and printers.  (Computer software engineers-often simply called 
computer engineers-design and develop the software systems that control computers.  These workers are 
covered elsewhere in the Handbook.)  The work of computer hardware engineers is very similar to that of 
electronics engineers, but unlike electronics engineers, computer hardware engineers work with computers and 
computer-related equipment exclusively.  (See the statement on electrical and electronics engineers elsewhere in 
the Handbook.)  In addition to design and development, computer hardware engineers may supervise the 
manufacturing and installation of computers and computer-related equipment.  The rapid advances in computer 
technology are largely a result of the research, development, and design efforts of computer hardware engineers.  
To keep up with technology change, these engineers must continually update their knowledge.

	Employment
The number of computer hardware engineers is relatively small compared with the number of other computer-
related workers who work with software or computer applications.  Computer hardware engineers held about 
60,000 jobs in 2000.  About 25 percent were employed in computer and data processing services.  About 1 out of 
10 worked in computer and office equipment manufacturing, but many also are employed in communications 
industries and engineering consulting firms.

	Job Outlook
Computer hardware engineers are expected to have favorable job opportunities.  Employment of computer 
hardware engineers is projected to increase faster than the average for all occupations through 2010, reflecting 
rapid employment growth in the computer and office equipment industry, which employs the greatest number of 
computer engineers.  Consulting opportunities for computer hardware engineers should grow as businesses need 
help managing, upgrading, and customizing increasingly complex systems.  Growth in embedded systems, a 
technology that uses computers to control other devices such as appliances or cell phones, also will increase the 
demand for computer hardware engineers.  In addition to job openings arising from employment growth, other 
vacancies will result from the need to replace workers who move into managerial positions, transfer to other 
occupations, or leave the labor force. 

	Earnings
Median annual earnings of computer hardware engineers were $67,300 in 2000.  The middle 50 percent earned 
between $52,960 and $86,280.  The lowest 10 percent earned less than $42,620, and the highest 10 percent 
earned more than $107,360.  Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of 
computer hardware engineers in 2000 were:

Computer and office equipment		       $75,730
Computer and data processing services		69,490
Electronic components and accessories		67,800
Telephone communication				59,160

Starting salaries for computer engineers with a bachelor's degree can be significantly higher than salaries of 
bachelor's degree graduates in many other fields.  According to the National Association of Colleges and 
Employers, starting salary offers in 2001 for bachelor's degree candidates in computer engineering averaged 
$53,924 a year; master's degree candidates averaged $58,026; and Ph.D. candidates averaged $70,140.

	Sources of Additional Information
For further information about computer hardware engineers, contact:
*	IEEE Computer Society, 1730 Massachusetts Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20036-1992.  Internet: 
http://www.computer.org

(See introduction to the section on engineers for information on working conditions, training requirements, 
and other sources of additional information.)