Credits, references, and bibliography

Harold Garfinkel

What is Ethnomethodology?(3)

1. Wikipedia
2. Sociology at Hewett

Accounts, Accounting, and Accounting Practices (see this)

1. "Social facts" as members' accomplishments
2. Everyday: "members" and making sense together (methods vs. "judgmental dopes")
• Reflexivity (see also)
• Indexicality (see also)
• Etcetera clause
• Rules of consistency and economy (see also)
• Retrospective interpretation and Documentary Interpretation
• Typifications
• Organizational Context
3. Sociology versus common sense (or sociology as commonsense)
• Sociologists impose their "sense" on the social world (versus "ethnomethodological indifference," seek to bracket (suspend belief) in rule-governed social order.
• Reliance on scientific techniques and statistical measures--doesn't reproduce the elegance and creative activity of EDL
• Confusing "topic" and "resource."
  • Speech as information (meanings) rather than an "artful accomplishment"
  • Organization statistics as "reality" versus a constructed process
  • Organizations as "rule governed" rather than how members use the rules (invoke).
  • Ethnomethodology versus Ethnography (from Francis, D. W.and Stephen Hester. 2004. An Invitation to Ethnomethodology: Language, Society and Social Interaction (chapter 2). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
4. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1967, pp. 38-44, 75.

Examples

1. Breaching Experiments (examples, another)("Holding Hands," "Doing Nothing in Public" "Best Buy")
2. Ethnomethodological Perspective (on Crime and Deviance)
3. Accomplishing Gender (how about accomplishing "race" or "age" or...")
4. Institutional Studies:
   1. Juries and decision making
   2. Calls to emergency centers (Whalen and Zimmerman, see 4)
   3. Peyrot and MMPI (see, 5 pages 164-165)
   4. Douglas and statistics (see, 5 page 166)

Conversational Analysis

http://youtu.be/8mMJiV3ieNk

1. Paul ten Have, University of Amsterdam. Methodological Issues in Conversational Analysis.
2. CA defined
3. What is CA?
4. Examples:
   • Telephone Conversations: identification and recognition (turn taking, repair work) (Schlegloff, see 4)
   • Initiating laughter (and refusing to laugh)--strategies and placement (Jefferson, see 4)
   • Generating applause (statements constructed to emphasize and define completion points: contrasts, lists, puzzles, position taking) (Heritage and Greatbatch, see 4)
   • Booing (mutual monitoring versus individual decision making) (Clayman, see 4)
   • Shyness (setting-talk) (Manning and Ray, see 4)

JSTOR Articles:

1. Douglas W. Maynard and Steven E. Clayman. 1991. The Diversity of Ethnomethodology. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 17, pp. 385-418
2. Paul Atkinson. 1988. Ethnomethodology: A Critical Review. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 14 (1988), pp. 441-465
3. Harold Garfinkel. Ethnomethodology's Program. 1996. Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 5-21
4. West, Candice and Zimmerman, Don. 1987. Doing Gender. Gender and Society. Vol. 1, No. 2 (June), pp. 125-151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/189945

Ethnomethodology

"Harold Garfinkel (1917-  ) is the founder of a field of study called ethnomethodology.  Ethnomethodology is a theory that describes the variety of techniques that people use to understand, and make their way through, everyday life.  One of the ways that people make sense of their lives and relationships to others is through accounting practices.  These are the various ways in which people justify or make sense of their actions to themselves and others.  Ethnomethodologists argue that accounts are reflexive, which means that by offering accounts of ourselves to others, we also change the situation and the possibility for interaction within that situation.  Ethnomethodologists have also used breaching experiments to understand the way that people construct social reality.  In these studies, ethnomethodologists engage in activities that violate the taken-for-granted assumptions of everyday life, and watch to see how other social actors repair or reconstruct the breach in the social fabric.  These studies show how people order their everyday lives and how they cope with challenges to that everyday order.  Garfinkel has also shown how the presumably natural category of gender is socially constructed.  In his interviews with Agnes, Garfinkel learned that gender is a social accomplishment that requires constant attention to the commonplace practices that allow people to pass as men or women."(1)

Websites

The International Institute for Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis: http://www.iiemca.org/

Paul ten Have's Ethno/CA News: http://www.paultenhave.nl/

quiz.

Works Cited

1. Much of this page comes from the "Instructor's Manual" to accompany Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics, Second Edition, George Ritzer, Mcgraw-Hill, 2007. The Instructor's Manual was prepared by James Murphy, University of Maryland, College Park and Todd Stillman, Fayetteville State University. These excerpts are from chapter 6.

2. Ritzer, George. 2007/2010/2013. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. 2nd/3rd/4th editions. St. Louis: McGraw-Hill
3. Student Presentation from Iowa State University, http://www.soc.iastate.edu/sapp/soc401gp.html, Spring 2008 Sociology 401, taught by: Dr. Steve Sapp, accessed 10/15/08)
4. Ritzer, George. 2008. Modern Sociological Theory, Chapter 7. St. Louis: McGraw-Hill.
5. Liska, Allen and Messner, Steven. 1999. Perspectives on Crime and Devinace, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

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